我每天都会在社交媒体上收到很多不错的问题，并选出一些进行回复。有读者告诉我，他们也想看看这些问题和回复，所以我决定把它们整理起来，用全新的“每周回答”形式与大家分享， 让更多读者受益。欢迎大家继续和我讨论这些问题以及有关《原则》等话题。

提问

严格地归责。这包括把方案公开给其中的参与者吗？换句话说，这个原则对于透明度是否有隐含的限制条件？

回答

虽然每条原则都有相应的特例，但总的来说，我认为透明度几乎是没有限制的。这跟不诚实有点像，一个人可以给不诚实找出恰当的理由，但最好的还是奉行极度求真和极度透明的态度。

While there are appropriate exceptions to every rule, I, by and large, see very few limits to transparency. It’s a bit like dishonesty in that one can come up with ways that dishonesty is appropriate, but the best thing is for their to be radical truthfulness and radical transparency.

提问

当你向负责人提出解决方案，而对方认为相比其他人，你是一个可信度不够高的问题解决者时，该怎么办呢

回答

如果你缺乏可信度，那么在与那些可信度高的人进行讨论时，你要保持谦逊并向他们提问。如果还是不懂，你可以再请教其他可信度高的人。这样做的目的是通过与可信度高的人探讨并参考他们的意见，从而最大程度地提高正确决策的可能性，而不是像大多数人的普遍做法，即在没有压力测试和与探讨意见下，固执地坚持己见。

If you are less believable and you are arguing with someone who is more believable you should be humble and ask them questions and, if you still don’t understand, seek the guidance of other believable people. The goal is to have the highest probability of being right by triangulating well with other believable parties as distinct from the more common practice of people tragically holding on to their own opinions without stress testing and triangulating them.

提问

如何能得知我们是否把一件事做得好呢？

当然实践是真正的检验，但是我觉得在做出决策的时候，参与决策过程的每一个人的可信度都与之有很大的关系。

另外，我认为从不同层次有意识地去考量一个决策是非常有帮助的。这样你就知道你是从不同方面去了解这件事（至少你为此尝试过），从而避开那些可能会被你忽略的风险。

回答

尝试去留意对话中的层次和层次的变化。你也可以在写作中体会更高层次的观点被提出，然后去深入探讨，最后随着向一个更高层次的点推进而结束。可以把它想作是主次观点的梗概。如果你勤加练习，明白当中的要领后，就能很好地去辨识，并且可以与他人进行更高效的对话。

Try noting the levels and the level changes in a conversation. You can also see it in writing as higher level points are made and then delved into and then done with as there is a movement to a higher level point. Think of it as being like an outline of points and sub points. If you practice you will develop an ear for it and if you understand it you will have much more productive conversations.

提问 1

令人痛苦的问题是对自控力的考验，验证我们的批判性思维是否活跃。人类的大脑会释放出各种情绪，通过化学活性来影响我们的身体（更多是理性的部分）。我常常通过收集科学数据来发现新视角（排除情绪干扰），例如投入的时间与结果之比、参与的人数和相关的利益群体之比等，这些数据有些是定性的，有些是定量的，但不管怎样，这个习惯能让我用创造性的思维来看待问题。其他的做法包括在情绪稳定的情况下，模拟他人的观点。

回答 1

你拥有好的解决办法和思维方式。你谈到了大脑是如何在生理上运作的（例如，通过化学因素），我们在这一点上是完全一致的（请参考《原则》书中“理解人与人大不相同”的部分）。我很想让你知道冥想对我们所谈论的挑战是很有帮助的。关于冥想在如何影响我们大脑的生理运转，以及如何使我们的情绪和理性相一致的研究已经非常全面了，我建议你了解一下它，并亲身实践。

Good approach and good thinking behind it. You spoke about how the brain works physiologically (e.g. with chemicals). We are completely aligned (see my chapter “How We Are Wired Differently”). What I want to make sure you don’t miss is the power of meditation in helping with the challenge that we are discussing. The research on how it affects our brains physiologically and how that affects our abilities to align our emotions with our logic is extensive. I suggest that you learn about it and that you do it.

提问 2

瑞，这又是一条简洁而精彩的原则。通常情况下，揭露问题常常被认为是扰乱了现实工作、流程，以及人们作为功能性零部件的主要责任。在您看来，什么是拥有透明度和践行决心的最好办法？

回答 2

推动言论自由。当你知道某些事会带来痛苦或者不妥当，你应该主动提出来并进行讨论。

Facilitating freedom of expression. Knowing that if something hurts or doesn’t feel right, you should bring it up and discuss it.

提问 3

您认为一个人想要做到极度求真最大的障碍是什么？《原则》给了我很大的启发，我希望可以将极度诚实和极度求真融入到我的生活中。

回答 3

你必须要与他人达成共识的是这就是你们彼此相处的方式，然后你要不断地去练习。你会发现较高层次的自我与较低层次的自我在斗争，正因为你清楚在发生什么，所以通过练习会使你获得自我控制的能力。你身边和你相处的人也会这么做，从而帮到你。如果你发现你们之间就某事存在问题，那么应该停止你们正在做的事情(例如，停止争论)，并且俯视当前情况，去重新审视你们应该如何相处才能很好地处理这种情况。然后，按照达成一致的方式重新应对之前的情况。勤于练习会让你更擅长这么做，它将会带来好的结果，而你也不会想要停止这样的相处模式。

You have to agree with others that this is the way you want to be with each other and then you have to practice it. You will observe your upper level you struggling with your lower level you but, because you will now know that that is happening, you will gain control with practice. The others that you are in a relationship with will do the same and help you. If you find that you are having problems with it, you should stop what you’re doing (e.g. stop arguing) and go above the situation to review how you should be with each other to handle such situations well. Then go back into your situation opening in the agreed upon way. If you practice this, you will get good at it, it will produce great results and you won’t want to stop operating this way with each other.

提问 4

作为一名初级医生，当我的学识和错误会对他人产生负面影响时，我该如何运用这个原则?

回答 4

我的情况也一样，因为我的错误会给人们带来负面影响（金钱而非身体上的）。其他人也以各自的形式处于这样的位置。应对这类处境的“原则”对于我们大家都是一样的。选择一个对的环境，在这个环境中当你把自己的错误摆在桌面上时，是会受到鼓励的，同时也是安全的，并且可以在别人的帮助下正确地看待它们，从而使你进步。请你一起共事或者寻求帮助的人就你应该承担的风险类型给予指导，这样你就可以随着技能的提升而应对更多的风险。有些医院擅长这么做 ，而有些并非如此。所以，选择你所处的环境，使之能够既有利于你的个人进化也可以保证你对他人的贡献。

I’m in the same boat because my mistakes negatively impact people (monetarily rather than physically). Others in their own ways are also in that position. The principles for handling well are the same for all of us. Pick the right environment in which it is both encouraged and safe to bring your mistakes to the surface and to look at them well with the help of others so you improve. Also, have others that you are working with or for help provide guidance about the types of risks you should take so that you can increase them with your increased skill. Some hospitals are good at operating that way and some are not, so choose the environment you are in to be aligned with what is best for your evolution and for you contributing to others.

提问

在我看来，应用这个原则需要具备真正的领导力（=自律、自我认知、抛开自我、绝不自满）

回答

这是组成要素。你给了一个不错的公式。真正的领导力=自律+自我认知+抛开自我+绝不自满。有些人觉得这并不容易，想要寻找一条可以不需要强大自我、不需要历经艰难就可以获得成功的捷径。事实上，一个人要想具备顽强的意志和性格，就需要通过锻造这些品质得以实现，就好像一个人需要通过长时间的锻炼，一点一点使身体变得强壮一样。历经艰难磨砺之后所拥有的能力比软弱无力地去应对需要做的事情时要容易很多。除了养成正确的思维习惯，没有别的方法。一旦你拥有了这种思维方式，你就不愿意用其他任何方式了。

That’s what it takes. Your formula is a good one. True leadership = discipline
+ self awareness + setting ego aside + zero commitment to complacency. Some people say that’s not easy and look for an easy way hoping they can succeed without being strong and without doing the tough things. The truth is that one must become strong of mind and character and that happens by exercising these qualities the same way as one gets physically strong by exercising the body - bit by bit over time. Becoming strong by doing tough things to have the power to do what needs to be done is much easier than being weak and not being able to do them. There’s no way to do that other than to develop the right mindset habit. Once you have it, you would hate to be any other way.

提问

如果对方可以接受“指名道姓”，那很好办！但是如果对方不接受，就有可能引起敌意。

回答

不要担心敌意。如果你受制于人们的认可，你就无法做你需要做的事。反之，做到通情达理、体贴周到，并且做正确的事情。如果有人因为你这样做而对你生气，那是他们不讲道理、他们需要去改变，亦或者你需要结束这段关系。

Don’t be afraid of animosity. If you’re held hostage to people’s approvals, you won’t do what you need to do to do. Rather, be reasonable and considerate and do the right things. If someone gets angry at you for doing that, they are being unreasonable and need to change, or you need to get out of the relationship.

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